1. 500 million
2. 250 million
3. 350 million
4. 450 million

 

2. Studies have shown that, compared with pharmacologic treatment, lifestyle intervention is

1. Equally as effective in reducing the likelihood of development of diabetes
2. More effective in reducing the likelihood of development of diabetes
3. Less effective in reducing the likelihood of development of diabetes
4. Lifestyle intervention cannot be compared with pharmacologic treatment

3.  In determining an effective diet for diabetes,

1. High protein diets are particularly effective
2. High carbohydrate diets are particularly effective
3. High fiber diets are particularly effective
4. A variety of diets are effective, and dietary choices should be personalized

4. To understand factors leading some persons to gain more weight than others,

1. One should take into account variations in food intake
2. One should take into account variations exercise activities
3. One should take into account variations in non-exercise physical activities
4. Food intake and all aspects of energy expenditure are relevant

5. Hormonal mediators of obesity include

1. Leptin deficiency, as this hormone physiologically mediates weight loss
2. Resistance to the action of leptin, as obesity is associated with elevations in leptin levels
3. Insulin acts to decrease food intake and may be a factor in obesity
4. All of the above factors may play roles

6. True or False:     Control of the blood glucose should be regarded the objective of therapy of diabetes.

1. True
2. False

7. True or False:   Inflammation is associated with complications of diabetes, and also appears to play a role in the development of hyperglycemia.

1. True
2. False

8. Novel treatment approaches to diabetes include all of the following EXCEPT:

1. Agents to antagonize endogenous cannabinoid receptors
2. Agents to reduce intracellular metabolism of cortisone to cortisol
3. Agents to increase responsiveness to ghrelin
4. Agents acting to bind bile acids within the gastrointestinal tract.